Emoxypine
Emoxypine or ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate is a 3-hydroxy pyridine derivative that is
quite similar in structure to Vitamin B6 or pyridoxine. Emoxypines most important
components of the mechanism of action are their antioxidant and membranotropic effects. It
has the ability to modulate receptors and membrane-bound enzymes function and restores a
neurotransmitter balance. Due to its mechanism of action, it has at least two levels of
pharmacological effects, neuronal and vascular. Emoxypine is neuroprotective, nootropic,
anti-stress, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, anti-alcohol, antihypoxic, anti-ischemic, heterotrophic,
cardioprotective, anti-atherogenic, neuroprotective amongst other properties. It improves
cerebral circulation and microcirculation. It also inhibits thrombocyte aggregation, while
lowering cholesterol levels, and has cardio-protective and anti-atherosclerotic properties.
Emoxypine is distributed in Russia but it is widely unknown around the world. In Russia,
emoxypine has a wide range of applications including anxiolytic, anti-stress, anti-alcohol,
anticonvulsant, nootropic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory action.
Emoxypine is sold as Mexidol or Mexifin in succinate salt form.
Pharmasoft Pharmaceuticals in Russia manufacture Emoxypine. As a Russian company,
they did not file for licenses in the United States or Europe. L.D. Smirnov and K.M.
Dumayev.
Dosage and administration
Emoxypine is available as tablets and pills. The recommended initial adult dose is 125-250
mg or 1-2 pills, taken 1-2 times a day. This is then gradually increased till the desired
therapeutic effect is obtained while not exceeding 800 mg or 6 pills a day. This dosage
varies as doctor's severity of the condition and the disease.
The cost of Emoxypine
In the global market, consumers have to pay USD 28 for 50 tablets of 125mg strength.
How does Emoxypine Work?
Emoxypine's has similar actions to antioxidant and membrane-protective effects. However, it
is marked with key components, where it inhibits free radical oxidation of biomembrane
lipids. It also reacts to peroxide radicals of lipids primary and hydroxyl radical of peptides,
increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, specifically superoxide dismutase. superoxide
dismutase is responsible for the formation and consumption of lipid peroxides and active
oxygen forms. Emoxypine's inhibits free radicals during the synthesis of prostaglandin
catalyzed cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, thereby increasing the correlation between
prostacyclin/ thromboxane A2 and blocks the leukotriene formation. In also increases the
content of polar fraction of lipids and decreases cholesterol or phospholipids ratio proving its
lipid-regulatory properties. It can also shift structure transition into the low-temperature zones
provoking membrane viscosity reduction and the increase of its fluidity, eventually resulting
in lipid-protein ratio improvement. It activity modulates membrane-bound enzymes,
phosphodiesterase, cyclic nucleotides, adenylate cyclase, aldoreductase,
acetylcholinesterase. Through this, it can modulate the receptor complexes of the brain
membranes and increases their binding ability. It is also involved in stabilizing membrane
structures of blood cells, called erythrocytes and thrombocytes during hemolysis or
mechanical injury accompanied by free radicals formation.
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