Theophylline is used to prevent and treat lung related ailments like shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. Theophylline’s primary functions involves relaxing bronchial muscle. When it comes to health of the heart and cardiovascular function, it helps in increasing the contractility and efficiency of the heart muscle there by improving the heart rate, increasing blood pressure and renal blood flow. It is also known to have anti-inflammatory properties and can have a stimulatory effect on the central nervous system.
The main therapeutic applications of Theophylline include treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma, creating blocks the action of neurotransmitters that induce sleep, relaxes the cardiac muscle and contracts the smooth muscles.
Theophylline is sold under the brand names such as Uniphyl and Theochron.
German biologist Albrecht Kossel first extracted Theophylline from tealeaves and identified the chemical around 1888. German scientist, Wilhelm Traube, introduced an alternative method to synthesize theophylline in 1900. Theophylline was first approved for clinical use in 1902 as a diuretic. 20 years later, it was first reported to be effective in treatment of Asthma.
Dosage
Theophylline is sold as an oral solution, tablet. capsule and as an intravenous injection. Theophylline is long acting medication, and a solution taken orally. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, It usually is taken every 6, 8, 12, or 24 hours. In patients suffering with a bronchospasm, theophylline is administered at the rate of 5-7mg/kilo of IV
The Wholesale Cost of Theophylline:
The cost of Theophylline varies significantly around the world. The lowest price for Theophylline 300 mg is $0.29 to $1.50 per pill or unit for 336 pills in the USA, where as it costs €0.60 per pill in the European market. In India, the prices start from $.10 to $1.50 per the same pill.
How does it work?
Theophylline has two actions in patients with reversible obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli, thus resisting the allergy. Theophylline works by relaxing and opening the airways or passages in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. It also relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels and reduces airway responsiveness to allergen. Theophylline can inhibit the enzyme responsible for breaking down smooth muscle cells, possibly resulting in dilation of the bronchial passages.
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Manufacturers in the Western Hemisphere:
Fleming and co pharmaceuticals inc, Forest laboratories inc, Sanofi aventis us llc, Dm graham laboratories inc, Ucb inc, Whitby pharmaceuticals inc, Schwarz pharma inc, Schering corp, Central pharmaceuticals inc, Hospira inc, Inwood laboratories, Sandoz inc, Rp scherer north america div rp scherer corp, Ortho mcneil pharmaceutical inc, Schering corp sub schering plough corp, Fisons corp, Kv pharmaceutical co, Rp scherer north America, Hr cenci laboratories inc, Caraco pharmaceutical laboratories ltd, Lannett co inc, Panray corp sub ormont drug and chemical co inc, Alpharma us pharmaceuticals division, Cenci powder products inc, Halsey drug co inc, L perrigo co, Pharmaceutical assoc inc div beach products, Precision dose inc, Roxane laboratories inc, Taro pharmaceuticals usa inc, Wockhardt eu operations (swiss) ag, B braun medical inc, Baxter healthcare corp, 3m pharmaceuticals inc, Ferndale laboratories inc, Warner chilcott co llc, Monarch pharmaceuticals inc, Roerig div pfizer inc, Able laboratories inc, Glenmark generics ltd, Nostrum pharmaceuticals inc, Pliva inc, Pharmaceutical research assoc inc, Purdue pharmaceutical products lp, Graceway pharmaceuticals llc, Novartis consumer health inc,
Packagers
Actavis Group, Amend, American Regent, Amerisource Health Services Corp, Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Apotheca Inc.,Arcola Laboratories, A-S Medication Solutions LLC, Atlantic Biologicals Corporation, B. Braun Melsungen AG, BASF Corp, Baxter International Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., C.O. Truxton Inc., Cardinal Health, Caremark LLC, Central Texas Community Health Centers, Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc., Direct Dispensing Inc., Dispensing Solutions, Diversified Healthcare Services Inc., Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Equipharm Inc., Forest Laboratories Inc., Forest Pharmaceuticals, Glenmark Generics Ltd., H and H Laboratories, Heartland Repack Services LLC, Hospira Inc, Inwood Labs, Inyx Usa Ltd., Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.,
Major Pharmaceuticals
Mckesson Corp., Mundipharma GmbH, Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply, Nostrum Laboratories Inc., Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc., P F Laboratories Inc., PCA LLC, PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pfizer Inc., Pharmaceutical Packaging Center, Pharmaceutical , Utilization Management Program VA Inc., Pharmedix, Physicians Total Care Inc., Pliva Inc., Prepackage Specialists, Prepak Systems Inc., Purdue Pharma LP, Qualitest, Remedy Repack, Rite Aid Corp., Roxane Labs, Roxmar Laboratories, Sandhills Packaging Inc. ,Sandoz, Sanofi-Aventis Inc., Southwood Pharmaceuticals, Talbert Medical Management Corp., Taro , Pharmaceuticals USA, Tya Pharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, United Research Laboratories , Inc., Vangard Labs Inc., Warrick Pharmaceuticals Corp., Wockhardt Ltd.